Voltage regulation.



L. B. JONES.

VOLTAGE REGULATION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1913.

1 1 7 1 ,208 Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

1 H 27 i1 36 5 O 25 M flfie sses 46 InvenTo'? L ee B. Jones THE COLUMBIAPLANOGRAPH (30., WASHINGTON, D. c.

, L. B. JONES. VOLTAGE REGULATION.

, APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4,1913- Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 N w 0 D O z n] m 1 F hm R a N w l P A P 0 u z k js DQQQ4 5 V UP PLUNGER POSITIONS zoES E64 3a Inven 01" v 1 gigs.

, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEE B. JONES, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

VOLTAGE REGULATION.

Application filed November 4, 1913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LEE B. Jonas, a citizenof the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jacksonand State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Voltage Regulation, of which the following is a specification. 7

The present invention relates to certain improvements in means for theregulation of voltage on electric distribution systems and has referenceto the mechanism wherebythe regulation may be secured.

It may be stated that the features of invention herein disclosed areintended particularly for use in connection with that class of electricdistribution systems in which a generating .unit of suitable form, suchas an internal-combustion-enginedrivendynaino, serves to supply currentto the distribution mains. It will presently appear, however, that thefeatures of the invention are in no wise limited to use 111 connectionwithv such a system as the above but may be used with equal advantageand facility in connection with other systems.

A feature of the present invention has to do with compensation fortemperature changes in the regulator or governor itself. It will beunderstood that practically all commercial materials for electricalconductors change their resistance with change of temperature. Forexample, the resistance of copper wire increases as its temperaturerises. It therefore follows that unless means are provided forcompensating for this change of temperature the amount of currentflowing in a solenoid of copper wire will not depend simply on voltage,but will also vary with the temperature change. Therefore, unlesscompensation is made for changes of temperature it will be found thatthe governor will regulate for one voltage when cold, and for anothervoltage when its temperature has risen after a period of continuousservice. In the governor herein disclosed, compensation is made for suchchange of temperature, so that within wide limits the governor willmaintain constant vtltage, regardless of changes in its own temperature.

Anotherfeature of the invention has ref erence to the manner ofeffecting the regulation in the governor, so that a very delicate andaccurate regulation may be obtained hin wide limits. In this connectionit is Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

Serial No. 799,095.

desired in one form of the invention to provide a governor of suchconstruction that its operation may depend upon changes in the volume ofpower current, as distinguished from changes in voltage, thus maliing itpossible to secure the desired regulation without change of voltage, oreven to secure an increasing or decreasing voltage with an increasingload.

Other features of the invention will appear from a detailed descriptionof the same, wihich consists in the features of construction andcombinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings: Fi ure 1 shows in crosssection one form of governorembodying the features of the present invention; Fig. 2 shows by meansof a curve diagram the characteristics of a simple plunger solenoid;Fig. 3 shows by means of a curve diagram the characteristics of agovernor including solenoids operating on a common plunger in accordancewith one embodiment of the features of my invention; and Fig. 4 is asection taken on line H of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of thearrows.

The particular governor illustrated is so constructed that one of itssolenoids serves to float the plunger 19, While the desired movements ofsuch plunger for regulation purposes may be secured by influence exertedby another solenoid, the current in which may be proportional to thevolume of current on the load. It will presently appear, however, thatone of these coils may be omitted. In the particular arrangementillustrated the full volume of the load current may be passed throughthis other solenoid, but it is manifest that smaller proportionalamounts of current might be used, such as would be secured for exampleby means of a shunt, or by means of a series transformer. In addition tothese two main coils the governor herein disclosed is provided withanother coil which may be used for any purpose desired.

The floating coil is designated 25, the operating coil 26, and the thirdcoil is designated 27. The coil 26 is shown as being of heavy wire andfew turns as the volume of current handled by it is comparatively large.The floating coil 25 may have its terminals connected across betweenthose portions of the circuit or system whose difference of potential itis desired to regulate. hen thus connected the regulator will 3otenti-.lbetween these points const or will cause said (the,

s the load comes on, or a predetermined amount come on, depending uponthe and atju. .ent of the gov- ..i 0. ill allow PO 1-, u

if; new 0 s and the curve chi the variation of plunger pull for constantmagnet motive for 'e in the floatcoil, according the variations of theposition when the solenoid is air l. a h. t is when the magnetic cir uitis c on on o..e side by an air path. The p t pcsitiois are sh an on thehorizontal axis, and the amount null on the Xi. rom this curve it willbe a short range of noyement will remain practically conagnetomotiveforce being 'ned constant. Curve 30 p similar to that of curve he solnoid is iron clad, etic cir is completed by It will be noted that wheniron cad the range 1'' movewhich. the nll is practically 111 ch largerthan is the "re solenoid is not iron clad. It

will 39 *eer, however, that in each case the curve is slightly bent evenin its flattest portio .y be so connect d ii iagnetomotire to operatingcoil 26 a oreloped by the e follows that a l or net magn parts may beaged, that when 7 ,L. under tl e no load conditio will be raised to itsmaximum lin t. Thereafter as the loal comes on he not magnetomotiyeforce actlunger will decrease, thus allowthe plunger t eilec l 0 fall acertain distance 1e desired regulation.

- ing conditions the oper- "nor may be shown diathe curves in Fig. 3. lncurve 30 is reproduced illus lationship between the pull floating coiland the position i 7 when the current through 1 coil is constant give aconstant magnetomoti e force from this coil. The curve 31 represents thereduction in pull exerted on t1 e plunger owing to reduction of netmagnet-emotive force by reason or" the increase or" power current as theload comes on. This curve lies below the Zero line for the reason thatit is due to counter r negative magnetomoti e force.

The net pull on the plunger is shown by the curve This curve commencesat the Lit/mos point 33 on the curve 30 and thereafter lies ow the curve30. It wil be noted that e no load point 33 the curve 30 is someout, andis rising very slightly. By properly proportioning the number of t. thefloating and operating coils t etoniotii'e force caus s-d my be made topull the ..ccompli shed i m v .r] t s ma so so pro ortioned hat theincroasiig load will iesu in a rise or fall of across the terniin. ls ofthe floating should that be desired "ll now e-;plain the mechanical conwhicl i 1s'illustrated in F 1g. 1, and will it wherein l have proyicedmeans con'ipensating for the chang s in temperate so to eliminate erroror chan e due to change of coils 25 and 27 are resistance. lhe shown aswound cencei really upon a s1n gletube or s ot nonmagnetic inaterial.for cbrass. lnsulatii close in the ends of the coils ant serve tothoroughly protect them. Surrounding the coils is a shield or inclosure36 of iron or the like which esta lishes a ma gn ic path between e theiron heads 3 and 38 so as to provide an iron clat construction.

If iesired, p u'forations 39 may be provided '11 the shield so s to moreefiectively rentilate the structure.

"'1 f .1. H r ine plunger i9 is snown as mace up ot the two sectiei se20 and ll. ihe upper section is 't" cl .e :l to the bell crai k 2.2:which in turn is c-nnectc l by a suitable system of 1. 1 m D "110 l0 lwzz "l (A r1 1 1111 ta v t .o .no it. rho o unnoi .ac

tions L0 ii are separated a desire c tance to provide an air gap ii, thelength of which affects the reluctai cc of the mag netic circu t.

I have provided means for regi controlling the size of this gap to thechanges in resistance of the t coil so thc t the characteristics 0 80will not chznge as the tempe re floating coil changes, with the resulthe governor will regulate with the characteristics when hot as when coll. in tie particular arrangement illustrated means for controlling thereluctance of the t that the the

magnetic circuit takesthe form of means 43 communicates with a tube orthe like l i,

both receptacle and :tube comprising an inclosed space for theaccommodation of a suitable expansible liquid 45. The receptacle 43 hasits lower end supported at the point l6, so that as the liquid expandsor contractswith changes of temperature the upper face or side a7 of thereceptacle will be'bulged out or allowed to move back, according to thechanges of temperatur The portion 41 of the plunger rests upon or may beattached to the upper side at? of the receptacle so that it will riseand fall with the same and thereby shorten or lengthen the air gap 42.

i The plunger is preferably hollow to receive the tube 44 so thataportion of the liquid will extend up into the body of the solenoidwhere it will be most quickly and accurately acted upon by changes oftem- .perature, so as to. give a very nice and quick regulation. As asimple means of supporting the receptacle 43 and for guiding the lowerportion ll of the plunger in its movements, I have provided thenonmagnetic rod or bar 48 which has its upper ends attached to the upperportion 40 of the plunger, and which rod or bar extends down beneath andsupports the receptacle. The portion a1 of the plunger has its sidesslotted at as to accommodate the rod 48 and thereby be guided in itsmovements.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the size of the air gap 42 ismade dependent upon the expansion and contraction of the liquid body,which in turn is subjected to variations of temperature according to theheat or cooling of the floating coil. In this Way the change ofresistance of the floating coil is compensated for by the change ofmagnetic reluctance so that the characteristics of the regulator remainconstant. Of course in the particular arrangement illustrated therelationship is such that an increase of resistance with increase oftemperature results in decrease of magnetic reluctance, so that theparticular arrangement illustrated is peculiarly adapted for use inconnection with a floating coil having a positive temperaturecoeilicient. However, I do not limit myself to such a relationship, in-

asmuch as it is manifest that an arrange-V ment could be adopted inwhich the reluctance would vary in the proper manner to compensate forchange of resistance of a coil having a negative temperaturecoe'liicient.

It was previously mentioned that the coil 27 serves in a sense as asafety device for preventing an excessive rise of voltage. As set forthin a co-pending application for Letters Patent of the United States,filed by me October 29, 1913, Serial No. 798,13 this coil may be soconnected into the system that if the voltage exceeds a desired value acircuit including the coil 27 will be closed, thereby energizing saidcoil and thus creating an additional lifting force on the plunger of theregulator to thereby cut down the gas supply.

lVhile I have herein disclosed a governor making use of two coils, thefloating coil and the operating coil, still it will be evident that theoperating coil might be dispensed with in which case the floating coilwould also serve the function of operating the plunger, but in such casethe regulation for absolutely constant voltage could not beobtained'because of the slight bending of the curve 30. In such case,however, the governor would regulate by change of engine speed.

I do not limit myself to the arrangement illustrated in the drawings,except as may be called for in the claims, but I include within thescope of my invention any equivalent mechanisms operating in equivalentmanners to produce equivalent results.

I claim:

1. In an electromagnetic regulator, the combination of a coil, atwo-section hollow plunger armature, a body of expansible materialoperatively joining said sections together, and a portion of said bodyprojecting upward into the hollow armature to be there subjectedimmediately to changes of temperature.

2. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination of a coil, atwo-section plunger armature working within said coil, an expansiblemember connecting said sections together, and a portion of saidexpansible member projecting upward into the body of the armature to bethere subjected immediately to changes of temperature.

3. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination of a coil, atwo-section plunger armature working within said coil, and an expansiblemember connecting the sections of the armature together and under theinfluence of changes of temperature of the coil.

4. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination of a coil, atwo-section armature, an expansible member, a connection from theexpansible member to the armature to control the distance between thetwo sections of the armature, and means for causing the expansiblemember to expand and contract according to changes of temperature of thecoil.

5. In an electromagnetic regulator the movable face, an operativeconnection be tween said movable face and the other section of thearmature, and an expansible fluid contained within the receptacle.

(3. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination with a coil, of atwo part plunger armature working within the same, an abutment on oneportion of said armature, a closed receptacle mounted on said abutmentand supported by the same, a portion of said receptacle projecting intothe helix of the coil, a movable face on said receptacle, an operativeconnection from said face to the oth r part of the armature, and anexpansible fluid in the receptacle.

7. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination with a coil, of a twopart plunger armature working within the coil, an abutment connected toone part of said armature, a closed receptacle mounted on said abutment,said receptacle having one of its faces fiat and movable with respect tothe abutment, an operative connection between said face and the otherpart of the armature, and an expansible fluid within the receptacle andunder tie influence of the temperature existing within the coil.

51in an electromagnetic regulator the combination with a coil of a twopart armature under the magnetic influence of the same, an abutmentconnected to one part of the armature, a closed receptacle having oneportion in engagement with the abutment, another portion oi saidreceptacle being movable with respect to the abutment under variationsof pressure within the receptacle, an operative connection from saidportion of the receptacle to the other portion of the armature, and aneXpansible fluid within the receptacle and under the influence oftemperature existing within the coil.

9. In an electromagnetic regulator the combination with a coil of a twopart armature under the magnetic influence of the same, a closedreceptacle, connection from one portion of said receptacle to oneportion of the armature, another portion of the receptacle being movablewith respect to the first mentioned portion under variation of pressureexisting within the receptacle, an operative connection from said lastmentioned portion of the receptacle to the other portion of thearmature, and an expansible fluid within the receptacle and under theinfiuence of: temperature existingwithin the coil.

LEE B. JONES. Witnesses:

Geo. DnINns, M. V. GUNsoLLEY.

Copies of patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing theCommissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G.

